Cobalt

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One other suggestion is that ‘public’ wrongs are those who flout the neighborhood’s essential or most elementary values, wherein all members of the group ought to see themselves as sharing: the flawed is finished to ‘us’, not merely to its particular person sufferer, in the sense that we determine ourselves with the victim as a fellow citizen (see Marshall and Duff 1998; Duff 2007, ch. 6; and see further part 6 of the entry on theories of felony legislation ).

Positive retributivism holds that an offender’s desert provides a reason in favor of punishment; essentially, the state should punish these found guilty of legal offences to the extent that they deserve, because they deserve it. Penal desert constitutes not just a crucial, but an in-precept enough purpose for punishment (solely in precept, nevertheless, since there are very good reasons — to do with the prices, each material and ethical, of punishment — why we must always not even attempt to punish all of the guilty).

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